Optimization of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of antioxidants from roasted wheat germ based on yield, total phenolic and tocopherol contents, and antioxidant activities of the extracts

Gelmez N., Kincal N. S., YENER M. E.

JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS, vol.48, no.3, pp.217-224, 2009 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier

  • Publication Type: Article / Article
  • Volume: 48 Issue: 3
  • Publication Date: 2009
  • Doi Number: 10.1016/j.supflu.2008.11.002
  • Journal Name: JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS
  • Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus
  • Page Numbers: pp.217-224
  • Keywords: Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction, Roasted wheat germ, Total phenolic content, Tocopherol, Antioxidant activity, PRESSURE SOLUBILITY DATA, NATURAL VITAMIN-E, PLUS CO2 3, FLUID EXTRACTION, GRAPE SEEDS, POLYPHENOLIC COMPOUNDS, OIL, ETHANOL, RESVERATROL, LIQUID
  • Middle East Technical University Affiliated: Yes

Abstract

Effects of pressure (148-602 bar), temperature (40-60 degrees C) and time (10-60 min) on antioxidant (phenolics and tocopherols) contents and antioxiclant activities of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extracts of roasted wheat germ were determined, using central composite rotatable design. The dependent variables were yield (%), total phenolic contents (TPC, mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g extract), total tocopherol contents (TTC, mg tocopherol/g extract) and antioxidant activities (AA, mg scavenged 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH,)/g extract) of the extracts. The antioxiclant purity of the extracts (TPC, TTC and AA) were high at extraction conditions where the extraction yield was low (148-165 bar, 40-60 degrees C and 10 min). The optimum extraction conditions found by maximizing all the dependent variables were 336 bar, 58 degrees C and 10 min, where 5.3% yield, 6 mg GAE phenolics/g extract, 6.7 mg tocopherol/g extract and 57.3 mg scavenged DPPH./g extract was predicted. The tocopherol yield under these conditions corresponded to almost complete recovery. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.