Investigation of physical properties of different cake formulations during baking with microwave and infrared-microwave combination

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Tezin Türü: Doktora

Tezin Yürütüldüğü Kurum: Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Gıda Mühendisliği Bölümü, Türkiye

Tezin Onay Tarihi: 2007

Öğrenci: ÖZGE ŞAKIYAN DEMİRKOL

Eş Danışman: SERPİL ŞAHİN, SERVET GÜLÜM ŞÜMNÜ

Özet:

The main objective was to determine the variation of physical properties of different cake formulations during baking in microwave and infrared-microwave combination ovens. In the first part of the study, rheological and dielectric properties of cake batter with different formulations were determined. Different concentrations of fat and different types of emulsifier and fat replacer were used. The variation of formulation had a significant effect on the apparent viscosity of the cake batter. Cake batter was found to show shear thinning and time independent behaviour for all formulations. Dielectric properties of cake batter were dependent on formulation, frequency and temperature. In the second part of the study, physical properties (dielectric properties, volume, texture, color and porosity) of cakes baked in microwave and infrared-microwave combination oven were determined. In addition, starch gelatinization during baking was investigated. For comparison, cakes were also baked in conventional oven. Formulation and baking time were found to affect physical properties and gelatinization degree of cakes. Addition of fat to the formulation was found to increase the dielectric properties and gelatinization degree of microwave and infrared-microwave combination baked cakes. For both microwave and combination baking, cake samples with SimplesseTM had the highest volume but the firmest texture. Addition of maltodextrin resulted in a more uniform structure for infrared-microwave combination baking. There was insufficient gelatinization in microwave baked cakes ranging from 70 to 78% depending on fat content. The gelatinization degree ranged from 88 to 93% in conventionally baked cakes. Combining infrared with microwaves increased gelatinization degree (80-90%).