Investigation of the sediments of İzmir Bay: Trace elements

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Tezin Türü: Yüksek Lisans

Tezin Yürütüldüğü Kurum: Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü, Türkiye

Tezin Onay Tarihi: 2000

Tezin Dili: İngilizce

Öğrenci: REFET SİNEM ATGIN

Danışman: SÜLEYMAN GÜRDAL TUNCEL

Özet:

ABSTRACT INVESTIGATION OF THE SEDIMENTS OF IZMIR BAY: TRACE ELEMENTS Algın, Refet Sinem M.S., Department of Environmental Engineering Supervisor Prof. Dr. Gürdal Tuncel August 2000, 156 pages Izmir Bay is highly polluted due to the wastes discharged from industries and the city of Izmir via streams and sewer outfalls located around the bay. Hence, concentrations of trace elements in the surface sediments of the bay were investigated to determine the pollution load of the bay and to estimate the contributions of these pollution sources to the total pollution level of the bay by receptor modeling based on Factor Analysis (FA) and Absolute Principle Component Analysis (APCA). The sediment samples were collected from 100 points in İzmir bay, 5 sewer outfalls and 6 stream outfalls discharging into the bay and analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and X-Ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) for a total of 16 trace elements. Selected samples were also analyzed by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) for 39 elements. AAS, XRF and INAA intechniques were compared and it was found that they agree fairly well for most of the elements studied. The concentrations of elements showed significant differences between inner, middle and outer bays with higher concentrations of anthropogenic elements in the inner bay. The distributions of the crustal enrichment factors also indicate the differences in the concentrations of the anthropogenic elements in different sources and different parts of the bay. The average concentrations of elements in different parts of the bay were compared with the NOAA standards and with literature data to assess the pollution level of the sediments. FA applied to data sets of inner bay and all bay by using the elemental ratios of some anthropogenic elements introduced to the environment via these pollution sources. As a result of FA, 5 factors two of which are anthropogenic oriented were obtained for both of the data sets. One of the anthropogenic sources is riverine factor and the other is sewer factor. APCA technique was also applied to these 5 factors and the quantitative contribution of each source to the metal pollution of the bay was determined. Keywords: Surface sediments, trace elements, İzmir Bay, marine pollution, receptor modeling, factor analysis, absolute principal component analysis. IV