Kinetics of activated carbon production from almond shell, hazelnut shell and beech wood and characterization of products

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Tezin Türü: Doktora

Tezin Yürütüldüğü Kurum: Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Türkiye

Tezin Onay Tarihi: 1992

Tezin Dili: İngilizce

Öğrenci: SUNA BALCI

Danışman: TİMUR DOĞU

Özet:

ABSTRACT KINETICS OF ACTIVATED CARBON PRODUCTION FROM ALMOND SHELL, HAZELNUT SHELL AND BEECH WOOD AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PRODUCTS BALCI, Suna Ph. D. in Chemical Engineering Supervisor : Prof.Dr.Timur Doğu Co-Supervisor :Prof. Dr. Hayrettin Yücel January, 1992, 282 pages In this study, sorption characteristics of activated carbon produced from almond shell, hazelnut shell and beech wood and kinetics of the production were investigated. Carbonization of untreated raw materials, raw materials washed with 10 % H2SO4 and materials treated with NH4CI solution were carried out in a thermogravimetric analyzer. Mercury intrusion technique, nitrogen adsorption and helium displacement methods were used to measure the adsorption capacity of the products. Results indicated that NH4CI impregnated and acid washed shells gave activated carbons with reasonably high surface area at relatively low carbonization temperatures. inABSTRACT KINETICS OF ACTIVATED CARBON PRODUCTION FROM ALMOND SHELL, HAZELNUT SHELL AND BEECH WOOD AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PRODUCTS BALCI, Suna Ph. D. in Chemical Engineering Supervisor : Prof.Dr.Timur Doğu Co-Supervisor :Prof. Dr. Hayrettin Yücel January, 1992, 282 pages In this study, sorption characteristics of activated carbon produced from almond shell, hazelnut shell and beech wood and kinetics of the production were investigated. Carbonization of untreated raw materials, raw materials washed with 10 % H2SO4 and materials treated with NH4CI solution were carried out in a thermogravimetric analyzer. Mercury intrusion technique, nitrogen adsorption and helium displacement methods were used to measure the adsorption capacity of the products. Results indicated that NH4CI impregnated and acid washed shells gave activated carbons with reasonably high surface area at relatively low carbonization temperatures. inABSTRACT KINETICS OF ACTIVATED CARBON PRODUCTION FROM ALMOND SHELL, HAZELNUT SHELL AND BEECH WOOD AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PRODUCTS BALCI, Suna Ph. D. in Chemical Engineering Supervisor : Prof.Dr.Timur Doğu Co-Supervisor :Prof. Dr. Hayrettin Yücel January, 1992, 282 pages In this study, sorption characteristics of activated carbon produced from almond shell, hazelnut shell and beech wood and kinetics of the production were investigated. Carbonization of untreated raw materials, raw materials washed with 10 % H2SO4 and materials treated with NH4CI solution were carried out in a thermogravimetric analyzer. Mercury intrusion technique, nitrogen adsorption and helium displacement methods were used to measure the adsorption capacity of the products. Results indicated that NH4CI impregnated and acid washed shells gave activated carbons with reasonably high surface area at relatively low carbonization temperatures. inThe surface area values measured for the products obtained from acid washed and NH4CI impregnated hazelnut shell at 350°C are 578 m2/g and 508 m2/ g respectively while the product from untreated shell has the value of 241 m2/ g. Iodine numbers of the products obtained from treated shells are also twice the corresponding value of the untreated products. Increase of temperature to 700°C caused further improvements in the micropore structure. At this temperature, surface areas of the products obtained from NH4CI impregnated shells reached to values over 700 m2/g. Carbonization reactions started at around 220°C for untreated and acid washed samples. Impregnation of NH4CI caused changes in pore structure and in the carbonization mechanism. Carbonization of NH4CI impregnated samples started at around 180°C. Significant weight loss occured at low temperatures. The maximum weight loss value obtained for NH4CI impregnated almond shell at 270°C was 42 percent while the corresponding value was around 20 percent for the untreated sample. It is speculated that, NH4CI acts as a support in the pores during the carbonization. It leaves the product during carbonization by sublimation. The chemical analysis of the products obtained at relatively low temperatures (around 450°C) is comparable with the values of a typical activated carbon. At this temperature, carbon content is above 80 percent and this value reaches to values above 90 percent for the NH4CI impregnated shells carbonized at 700°C. On the other hand, nitrogen IV