Macrojellyfish (Scyphozoa and Ctenophora) in Two Enclosed Marine Systems (The Sea of Marmara and Adriatic Sea): A Review

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Işinibilir Okyar M., Malej A., Lucic D., Vodopivec M., Violic I., Karakulak F. S., ...Daha Fazla

Ecological Changes in the Sea of Marmara, İŞİNİBİLİR OKYAR MELEK,KIDEYŞ AHMET ERKAN,Malej Alenka, Editör, Istanbul University Press, İstanbul, ss.587-634, 2024

• Yayın Türü: Kitapta Bölüm / Araştırma Kitabı
• Basım Tarihi: 2024
• Yayınevi: Istanbul University Press
• Basıldığı Şehir: İstanbul
• Sayfa Sayıları: ss.587-634
• Editörler: İŞİNİBİLİR OKYAR MELEK,KIDEYŞ AHMET ERKAN,Malej Alenka, Editör
• Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

Although geographically well apart, there are interesting similarities between the ecosystems of the Sea of

Marmara and the Adriatic Sea. In this study, following an evaluation of the ecological problems as well as

oceanography, productivity, plankton biomass of these seas, macro-jellyfish ecology of the two ecosystems were

discussed comparatively. The Sea of Marmara and the Adriatic Sea are among the areas where increases in jellyfish

and mucilage events have been observed in recent decades. Environmental problems such as global warming, oxygen

depletion, eutrophication, overfishing, intense maritime traffic, and habitat destruction are causing opportunistic and

alien species to increase in both abundance and number of species. As biodiversity declines due to habitat destruction,

so does the ecosystem’s means and ability to combat the invasion of alien species in both ecosystems. Accordingly,

disruption of lower food chains can put pressure on the entire ecosystem and affect socio-ecological prospects.

The number of species of Scyphozoa and Ctenophora was found to be higher in the Adraitic Sea compared to the Sea of

Marmara. Mass occurrences with a clear seasonal pattern and related to the geographical location were observed for

Aurelia aurita, Rhizostoma pulmo, Chrysaora hysoscella and non-native Mnemiopsis leidyi in the Marmara Sea.

However, although A. aurita and R. pulmo show widespread blooms according to the seasons and regions in the

Adriatic Sea, C. hysoscella and M. leidyi produced blooms limited to a few areas. Negative and positive interactions

of macrojelyfishes with human were also considered. Semi-enclosed seas such as the Sea of Marmara and the Adriatic

Sea are representative of many temperate coastal waters where climate change and anthropogenic stressors are

increasing, and the ecosystem has changed from a fish-dominated to a jellyfish-dominated ecosystem.