Finance Research Letters, cilt.40, 2021 (SSCI)
In this paper, we hypothesize that institutional investor variable is a proxy for some systematic risk factors, which should be incorporated into the asset-pricing model. Mimicking portfolio for institutional ownership, called IMI (Institutional minus Individual), is constructed. Including IMI to the Carhart's 4-factor model captures the common variations in returns better than all other models that are tested. Consistent with the literature, the new 5-factor model improves mispricing mostly in portfolios including stocks with the lowest and the highest institutional ownership. Empirical findings demonstrate that IMI most likely proxies for noise-trader risk.