Sensitive and reliable lab-on-paper biosensor for label-free detection of exosomes by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

Sazaklioglu S. A., TORUL H., TAMER U., Ensarioglu H. K., Vatansever H. S., Gumus B. H., ...More

Microchimica Acta, vol.191, no.10, 2024 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier identifier

  • Publication Type: Article / Article
  • Volume: 191 Issue: 10
  • Publication Date: 2024
  • Doi Number: 10.1007/s00604-024-06644-2
  • Journal Name: Microchimica Acta
  • Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Academic Search Premier, Aerospace Database, Analytical Abstracts, Aqualine, Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA), Biotechnology Research Abstracts, CAB Abstracts, Chemical Abstracts Core, Chimica, Communication Abstracts, Food Science & Technology Abstracts, Metadex, Pollution Abstracts, Civil Engineering Abstracts
  • Keywords: Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Exosomes, Gold particle modified electrode, Label-free detection, Paper-based electrode
  • Middle East Technical University Affiliated: No

Abstract

A new, sensitive, and cost-effective lab-on-paper-based immunosensor was designed based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for the detection of exosomes. EIS was selected as the determination method since there was a surface blockage in electron transfer by binding the exosomes to the transducer. Briefly, the carbon working electrode (WE) on the paper electrode (PE) was modified with gold particles (AuPs@PE) and then conjugated with anti-CD9 (Anti-CD9/AuPs@PE) for the detection of exosomes. Variables involved in the biosensor design were optimized with the univariate mode. The developed method presents the limit of detection of 8.7 × 102 exosomes mL−1, which is lower than that of many other available methods under the best conditions. The biosensor was also tested with urine samples from cancer patients with high recoveries. Due to this a unique, low-cost, biodegradable technology is presented that can directly measure exosomes without labeling them for early cancer or metastasis detection. Graphical abstract: (Figure presented.)