The relationship between income and environment in Turkey: Is there an environmental Kuznets curve?

Akbostancı Özkazanç E., Turut-Asik S., Tunç G. İ.

ENERGY POLICY, cilt.37, sa.3, ss.861-867, 2009 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 37 Sayı: 3
  • Basım Tarihi: 2009
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.enpol.2008.09.088
  • Dergi Adı: ENERGY POLICY
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), Scopus
  • Sayfa Sayıları: ss.861-867
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: Environmental Kuznets curve, CO(2) emissions, Cointegration, UNIT-ROOT TESTS, EMPLOYED MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS, PANEL-DATA, EMPIRICAL-EVIDENCE, ECONOMIC-GROWTH, ENERGY POLICIES, AIR-POLLUTION, EMISSIONS, HYPOTHESIS, QUALITY
  • Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

A B S T R A C T In this study, we investigate the relationship between income and environmental quality for Turkey at two levels. First, the relationship between the CO(2) emissions and per capita income is examined by the help of a time series model using cointegration techniques. In the second stage, the relationship between income and air pollution is investigated by using PM(10) and SO(2) measurements in Turkish provinces. In this part of the study panel data estimation techniques are utilized. The time series model covers 1968-2003, and the panel data model covers 1992-2001 including observations from 58 provinces. A monotonically increasing relationship between CO(2) and income is found in the long-run according to time series analysis. On the other hand, panel data analysis indicates an N-shape relationship for SO(2) and PM(10) emissions. Therefore, the results of our time series and panel data analyses do not support the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis, which assumes an inverted U-shaped relationship between environmental degradation and income. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.