Nano-Micro Letters, cilt.17, sa.1, 2025 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
Sensors for smart Lithium-based batteries (LiBs) are classified based on their application into safety monitoring (i.e., temperature, pressure, and strain) to detect hazardous conditions and performance optimization (i.e., optical and electrochemical sensors) for monitoring factors such as state of charge and state of health. The potential for innovation in LiB sensor technology is driven by advancements in nanotechnology, miniaturization, machine learning algorithms, and wireless sensor networks, all of which contribute to enhanced sensor performance. Key challenges faced in developing LiB sensors include miniaturization, power consumption, cost efficiency and scalability, and compatibility with existing battery management systems.