Origin and source regions of PM10 in the Eastern Mediterranean atmosphere


KOÇAK M., Mihalopoulos N., Kubilay N.

ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH, cilt.92, sa.4, ss.464-474, 2009 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 92 Sayı: 4
  • Basım Tarihi: 2009
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2009.01.005
  • Dergi Adı: ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus
  • Sayfa Sayıları: ss.464-474
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: Source apportionment, Mass closure, Absolute principle factor analysis, Positive matrix factorization, PM10, POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION, LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT, CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION, SOURCE APPORTIONMENT, PARTICULATE MATTER, MARINE AEROSOL, SEA-SALT, SEASONAL-VARIATION, CLUSTER-ANALYSIS, LEVANTINE BASIN
  • Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

A set of daily PM10 (n=281) samples collected from April 2001 to April 2002 at a rural site (Erdemli), located on the coast of the Eastern Mediterranean, were analyzed applying Mass Closure (MC), absolute principal factor analysis (APFA) and Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) to determine source contributions. The results from the three techniques were compared to identify the similarities and differences in the sources and source contributions. Source apportionment analysis indicated that PM10 were mainly originated from natural sources (sea salt +crustal approximate to 60%) whilst secondary aerosols and residual oil burning accounted for approximately 20% and 10% of the total PM10 mass, respectively. Calculations for sulfate showed that on average 8% and 12% of its total concentration were originated from sea salt and biogenic emissions, respectively. However, the contribution by biogenic emissions may reach up to a maximum of similar to 40% in the summer Potential Source Contribution Function (PSCF) analysis for identification of source regions showed that the Saharan desert was the main source area for crustal components. For secondary aerosol components the analysis revealed one source region, (i.e. the south-Eastern Black Sea), whereas for residual oil, Western Europe and the western Balkans areas were found to be the main Source regions. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.