Fully Integrated Autonomous Interface With Maximum Power Point Tracking for Energy Harvesting TEGs With High Power Capacity

Tabrizi H. O., Jayaweera H. M. P. C., Muhtaroglu A.

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, vol.35, no.5, pp.4905-4914, 2020 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier

  • Publication Type: Article / Article
  • Volume: 35 Issue: 5
  • Publication Date: 2020
  • Doi Number: 10.1109/tpel.2019.2945913
  • Journal Name: IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS
  • Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Academic Search Premier, PASCAL, Aerospace Database, Business Source Elite, Business Source Premier, Communication Abstracts, Compendex, INSPEC, Metadex, Civil Engineering Abstracts
  • Page Numbers: pp.4905-4914
  • Keywords: Charge pumps, DC-DC power converters, Oscillators, Maximum power point trackers, Mathematical model, Integrated circuit modeling, Capacitors, Integrated < named-content xmlns:xlink="http:, www, w3, org, 1999, xlink" xmlns:ali="http:, www, niso, org, schemas, ali, 1, 0, " xmlns:mml="http:, www, w3, org, 1998, Math, MathML" xmlns:xsi="http:, www, w3, org, 2001, XMLSchema-instance" content-type="math" xlink:type="simple"> < inline-formula > < tex-math notation="LaTeX">$LC$<, tex-math > <, inline-formula > <, named-content >-tank oscillator, low-voltage dc, dc conversion, maximum power point tracking (MPPT), self-powered charge-pump, thermoelectric energy harvesting, wearable sensors, CHARGE-PUMP, OSCILLATOR, CONVERTER, STARTUP, MV
  • Middle East Technical University Affiliated: Yes

Abstract

In this article, a novel fully autonomous and integrated power management interface circuit is introduced for energy harvesting using thermoelectric generators (TEGs) to supply power to Internet of Thing nodes. The circuit consists of a self-starting dc & x2013;dc converter based on a dual-phase charge pump with LC-tank oscillator, a digital MPPT unit, and a 1-V LDO regulator. The novel maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm avoids open-circuit state, and accommodates varying input power and ultra-low voltage conditions. Validation data from the fabricated test-chip in 180 & x00A0;nm standard CMOS technology indicates the circuit start-up voltage is as low as 170 mV. The maximum output power capacity is 0.5 mW, which is the highest noted in the literature for a fully integrated solution. The high output power at low cost is achieved with a peak system efficiency of 30 & x0025;. The relatively low efficiency is expected, since the focus of the design is high power capacity at low cost. The MPPT algorithm reaches 98 & x0025; maximum accuracy for a source output resistance of 40 & x2126;, which is typical for wearable TEG modules.