Observation of seasonal variations of the flux of high-energy atmospheric neutrinos with IceCube

Abbasi, R.; Ackermann, M.; Adams, J.; Agarwalla, S.K.; Aggarwal, N.; Aguilar, J.A.; Ahlers, M.; Alameddine, J.M.; Amin, N.M.; Andeen, K.; Anton, G.; Argüelles, C.; Ashida, Y.; Athanasiadou, S.; Axani, S.N.; Bai, X.; Balagopal V, A.; Baricevic, M.; Barwick, S.W.; Basu, V.; Bay, R.; Beatty, J.J.; Becker, K.-H.; Becker Tjus, J.; Beise, J.; Bellenghi, C.; BenZvi, S.; Berley, D.; Bernardini, E.; Besson, D.Z.; Binder, G.; Bindig, D.; Blaufuss, E.; Blot, S.; Bontempo, F.; Book, J.Y.; Borowka, J.; Boscolo Meneguolo, C.; Böser, S.; Botner, O.; Böttcher, J.; Bourbeau, E.; Braun, J.; Brinson, B.; Brostean-Kaiser, J.; Burley, R.T.; Busse, R.S.; Butterfield, D.; Campana, M.A.; Carloni, K.; Carnie-Bronca, E.G.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Chen, C.; Chen, Z.; Chirkin, D.; Choi, S.; Clark, B.A.; Classen, L.; Coleman, A.; Collin, G.H.; Connolly, A.; Conrad, J.M.; Coppin, P.; Correa, P.; Countryman, S.; Cowen, D.F.; Dappen, C.; Dave, P.; De Clercq, C.; DeLaunay, J.J.; Delgado López, D.; Dembinski, H.; Deng, S.; Deoskar, K.; Desai, A.; Desiati, P.; de Vries, K.D.; de Wasseige, G.; DeYoung, T.; Diaz, A.; Díaz-Vélez, J.C.; Dittmer, M.; Domi, A.; Dujmovic, H.; DuVernois, M.A.; Ehrhardt, T.; Eller, P.; Engel, R.; Erpenbeck, H.; Evans, J.; Evenson, P.A.; Fan, K.L.; Fang, K.; Fazely, A.R.; Fedynitch, A.; Feigl, N.; Fiedlschuster, S.; Finley, C.; Fischer, L.; Fox, D.; Franckowiak, A.; Friedman, E.; Fritz, A.; Fürst, P.; Gaisser, T.K.; Gallagher, J.; Ganster, E.; Garcia, A.; Garrappa, S.; Gerhardt, L.; Ghadimi, A.; Glaser, C.; Glauch, T.; Glüsenkamp, T.; Goehlke, N.; Gonzalez, J.G.; Goswami, S.; Grant, D.; Gray, S.J.; Griffin, S.; Griswold, S.; Günther, C.; Gutjahr, P.; Haack, C.; Hallgren, A.; Halliday, R.; Halve, L.; Halzen, F.; Hamdaoui, H.; Ha Minh, M.; Hanson, K.; Hardin, J.; Harnisch, A.A.; Hatch, P.; Haungs, A.; Hauser, S.; Helbing, K.; Hellrung, J.; Henningsen, F.; Heuermann, L.; Hickford, S.; Hidvegi, A.; Hill, C.; Hill, G.C.; Hoffman, K.D.; Hoshina, K.; Hou, W.; Huber, T.; Hultqvist, K.; Hünnefeld, M.; Hussain, R.; Hymon, K.; In, S.; Iovine, N.; Ishihara, A.; Jacquart, M.; Jansson, M.; Japaridze, G.S.; Jayakumar, K.; Jeong, M.; Jin, M.; Jones, B.J.P.; Kang, D.; Kang, W.; Kang, X.; Kappes, A.; Kappesser, D.; Kardum, L.; Karg, T.; Karl, M.; Karle, A.; Katz, U.; Kauer, M.; Kelley, J.L.; Khatee Zathul, A.; Kheirandish, A.; Kin, K.; Kiryluk, J.; Klein, S.R.; Kochocki, A.; Koirala, R.; Kolanoski, H.; Kontrimas, T.; Köpke, L.; Kopper, C.; Koskinen, D.J.; Koundal, P.; Kovacevich, M.; Kowalski, M.; Kozynets, T.; Kruiswijk, K.; Krupczak, E.; Kumar, A.; Kun, E.; Kurahashi, N.; Lad, N.; Lagunas Gualda, C.; Lamoureux, M.; Larson, M.J.; Lauber, F.; Lazar, J.P.; Lee, J.W.; Leonard DeHolton, K.; Leszczyńska, A.; Lincetto, M.; Liu, Q.R.; Liubarska, M.; Lohfink, E.; Love, C.; Lozano Mariscal, C.J.; Lu, L.; Lucarelli, F.; Ludwig, A.; Luszczak, W.; Lyu, Y.; Ma, W.Y.; Madsen, J.; Mahn, K.B.M.; Makino, Y.; Mancina, S.; Marie Sainte, W.; Mariş, I.C.; Marka, S.; Marka, Z.; Marsee, M.; Martinez-Soler, I.; Maruyama, R.; Mayhew, F.; McElroy, T.; McNally, F.; Mead, J.V.; Meagher, K.; Mechbal, S.; Medina, A.; Meier, M.; Meighen-Berger, S.; Merckx, Y.; Merten, L.; Micallef, J.; Mockler, D.; Montaruli, T.; Moore, R.W.; Morii, Y.; Morse, R.; Moulai, M.; Mukherjee, T.; Naab, R.; Nagai, R.; Nakos, M.; Naumann, U.; Necker, J.; Neumann, M.; Niederhausen, H.; Nisa, M.U.; Noell, A.; Nowicki, S.C.; Obertacke Pollmann, A.; Oehler, M.; Oeyen, B.; Olivas, A.; Orsoe, R.; Osborn, J.; O’Sullivan, E.; Pandya, H.; Park, N.; Parker, G.K.; Paudel, E.N.; Paul, L.; Pérez de los Heros, C.; Peterson, J.; Philippen, S.; Pieper, S.; Pizzuto, A.; Plum, M.; Popovych, Y.; Prado Rodriguez, M.; Pries, B.; Procter-Murphy, R.; Przybylski, G.T.; Raab, C.; Rack-Helleis, J.; Rawlins, K.; Rechav, Z.; Rehman, A.; Reichherzer, P.; Renzi, G.; Resconi, E.; Reusch, S.; Rhode, W.; Richman, M.; Riedel, B.; Roberts, E.J.; Robertson, S.; Rodan, S.; Roellinghoff, G.; Rongen, M.; Rott, C.; Ruhe, T.; Ruohan, L.; Ryckbosch, D.; Safa, I.; Saffer, J.; Salazar-Gallegos, D.; Sampathkumar, P.; Sanchez Herrera, S.E.; Sandrock, A.; Santander, M.; Sarkar, S.; Sarkar, S.; Savelberg, J.; Savina, P.; Schaufel, M.; Schieler, H.; Schindler, S.; Schlüter, B.; Schmidt, T.; Schneider, J.; Schröder, F.G.; Schumacher, L.; Schwefer, G.; Sclafani, S.; Seckel, D.; Seunarine, S.; Sharma, A.; Shefali, S.; Shimizu, N.; Silva, M.; Skrzypek, B.; Smithers, B.; Snihur, R.; Soedingrekso, J.; Søgaard, A.; Soldin, D.; Sommani, G.; Spannfellner, C.; Spiczak, G.M.; Spiering, C.; Stamatikos, M.; Stanev, T.; Stein, R.; Stezelberger, T.; Stürwald, T.; Stuttard, T.; Sullivan, G.W.; Taboada, I.; Ter-Antonyan, S.; Thompson, W.G.; Thwaites, J.; Tilav, S.; Tollefson, K.; Tönnis, C.; Toscano, S.; Tosi, D.; Trettin, A.; Tung, C.F.; Turcotte, R.; Twagirayezu, J.P.; Ty, B.; Unland Elorrieta, M.A.; Upadhyay, A.K.; Upshaw, K.; Valtonen-Mattila, N.; Vandenbroucke, J.; van Eijndhoven, N.; Vannerom, D.; van Santen, J.; Vara, J.; Veitch-Michaelis, J.; Venugopal, M.; Verpoest, S.; Veske, DOĞA; Walck, C.; Watson, T.B.; Weaver, C.; Weigel, P.; Weindl, A.; Weldert, J.; Wendt, C.; Werthebach, J.; Weyrauch, M.; Whitehorn, N.; Wiebusch, C.H.; Willey, N.; Williams, D.R.; Wolf, M.; Wrede, G.; Wulff, J.; Xu, X.W.; Yanez, J.P.; Yildizci, E.; Yoshida, S.; Yu, F.; Yu, S.; Yuan, T.; Zhang, Z.; Zhelnin, P.

doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-11679-5

Observation of seasonal variations of the flux of high-energy atmospheric neutrinos with IceCube

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Abbasi R., Ackermann M., Adams J., Agarwalla S., Aggarwal N., Aguilar J., ...More

EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C, vol.83, no.9, 2023 (SCI-Expanded)

Publication Type: Article / Article
Volume: 83 Issue: 9
Publication Date: 2023
Doi Number: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-11679-5
Journal Name: EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C
Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Academic Search Premier, Aerospace Database, Chemical Abstracts Core, Communication Abstracts, INSPEC, zbMATH, Directory of Open Access Journals, Nature Index
Middle East Technical University Affiliated: No

Abstract

Atmospheric muon neutrinos are produced by meson decays in cosmic-ray-induced air showers. The flux depends on meteorological quantities such as the air temperature, which affects the density of air. Competition between decay and re-interaction of those mesons in the first particle production generations gives rise to a higher neutrino flux when the air density in the stratosphere is lower, corresponding to a higher temperature. A measurement of a temperature dependence of the atmospheric ?mu, flux provides a novel method for constraining hadronic interaction models of air showers. It is particularly sensitive to the production of kaons. Studying this temperature dependence for the first time requires a large sample of high-energy neutrinos as well as a detailed understanding of atmospheric properties. We report the significant (> 10 s) observation of a correlation between the rate of more than 260,000 neutrinos, detected by IceCube between 2012 and 2018, and atmospheric tem-peratures of the stratosphere, measured by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument aboard NASA's AQUA satellite. For the observed 10% seasonal change of effective atmospheric temperature we measure a 3.5(3)% change in the muon neutrino flux. This observed correlation deviates by about 2-3 standard deviations from the expected correla-tion of 4.3% as obtained from theoretical predictions under the assumption of various hadronic interaction models.