Solar Modulation of Cosmic Nuclei over a Solar Cycle: Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer

Aguilar, M.; Alpat, B.; Ambrosi, G.; Anderson, H.; Arruda, L.; Attig, N.; Bagwell, C.; Barao, F.; Barbanera, M.; Barrin, L.; Bartoloni, A.; Battiston, R.; Bayyari, A.; Belyaev, N.; Bertucci, B.; Bindi, V.; Bollweg, K.; Bolster, J.; Borchiellini, M.; Borgia, B.; Boschini, M.J.; Bourquin, M.; Brugnoni, C.; Burger, J.; Burger, W.J.; Burzillà, N.; Cai, X.D.; Capell, M.; Casaus, J.; Castellini, G.; Cervelli, F.; Chang, Y.H.; Chen, G.M.; Chen, G.R.; Chen, H.; Chen, H.S.; Chen, Y.; Cheng, L.; Chou, H.Y.; Chouridou, S.; Choutko, V.; Chung, C.H.; Clark, C.; Coignet, G.; Consolandi, C.; Contin, A.; Corti, C.; Cui, Z.; Dadzie, K.; D'Angelo, F.; Dass, A.; Delgado, C.; Della Torre, S.; Demirköz, M.B.; Derome, L.; Di Falco, S.; Di Felice, V.; Díaz, C.; Dimiccoli, F.; Von Doetinchem, P.; Dong, F.; Duranti, M.; Egorov, A.; Eline, A.; Faldi, F.; Fehr, D.; Feng, J.; Fiandrini, E.; Fisher, P.; Formato, V.; García-López, R.J.; Gargiulo, C.; Gast, H.; Gervasi, M.; Giovacchini, F.; Gómez-Coral, D.M.; Gong, J.; Grandi, D.; Graziani, M.; Haino, S.; Han, K.C.; Hashmani, R.K.; He, Z.H.; Heber, B.; Hernández-Nicolás, F.; Hsieh, T.H.; Hu, J.Y.; Huang, B.W.; Ionica, M.; Incagli, M.; Jia, Yi; Jinchi, H.; Karagöz, GÜLCE; Kirn, Th.; Klipfel, A.P.; Kounina, O.; Kounine, A.; Koutsenko, V.; Krasnopevtsev, D.; Kuhlman, A.; Kulemzin, A.; La Vacca, G.; Laudi, E.; Laurenti, G.; Lavecchia, G.; Lazzizzera, I.; Lee, H.T.; Lee, S.C.; Li, H.L.; Li, J.H.; Li, J.Q.; Li, M.; Li, M.; Li, Q.; Li, Q.; Li, Q.Y.; Li, S.; Li, S.L.; Li, Z.H.; Liang, M.J.; Liao, P.; Lin, C.H.; Lippert, T.; Liu, J.H.; Liu, P.C.; Liu, Z.; Lu, S.Q.; Lu, Y.S.; Luo, J.Z.; Luo, Q.; Luo, S.D.; Luo, Xi; Mañá, C.; Marín, J.; Marquardt, J.; Martínez, G.; Masi, N.; Maurin, D.; Medvedeva, T.; Menchaca-Rocha, A.; Meng, Q.; Mikhailov, V.V.; Molero, M.; Mott, P.; Mussolin, L.; Jozani, Y.; Nicolaidis, R.; Nikonov, N.; Nozzoli, F.; Ocampo-Peleteiro, J.; Oliva, A.; Orcinha, M.; Palmonari, F.; Paniccia, M.; Pashnin, A.; Pauluzzi, M.; Pelosi, D.; Pensotti, S.; Pietzcker, P.; Plyaskin, V.; Poluianov, S.; Pridöhl, D.; Qu, Z.Y.; Quadrani, L.; Rancoita, P.G.; Rapin, D.; Conde, A.; Robyn, E.; Rodríguez-García, I.; Romaneehsen, L.; Rossi, F.; Rozhkov, A.; Rozza, D.; Sagdeev, R.; Schael, S.; Von Dratzig, A.; Schwering, G.; Seo, E.S.; Shan, B.S.; Shukla, A.; Siedenburg, T.; Siemko, A.; Silvestre, G.; Song, J.W.; Song, X.J.; Sonnabend, R.; Strigari, L.; Su, T.; Sun, Q.; Sun, Z.T.; Tabarroni, L.; Tacconi, M.; Tang, Z.C.; Tian, J.; Tian, Y.; Ting, Samuel; Ting, S.M.; Tomassetti, N.; Torsti, J.; Ubaldi, A.; Urban, T.; Usoskin, I.; Vagelli, V.; Vainio, R.; Väisänen, P.; Valencia-Otero, M.; Valente, E.; Valtonen, E.; Vázquez Acosta, M.; Vecchi, M.; Velasco, M.; Wang, C.X.; Wang, J.C.; Wang, L.; Wang, L.Q.; Wang, N.H.; Wang, Q.L.; Wang, S.; Wang, X.; Wang, Z.M.; Wei, J.; Weng, Z.L.; Wu, H.; Wu, Y.; Wu, Z.B.; Xiao, J.N.; Xiong, R.Q.; Xiong, X.Z.; Xu, W.; Yan, Q.; Yang, H.T.; Yang, Y.; Yi, H.; You, Y.H.; Yu, Y.M.; Yu, Z.Q.; Zhang, C.; Zhang, F.Z.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, J.H.; Zhang, Z.; Zhao, P.W.; Zheng, C.; Zheng, Z.M.; Zhuang, H.L.; Zhukov, V.; Zichichi, A.; Zuberi, M.; Zuccon, P.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.134.051001

Solar Modulation of Cosmic Nuclei over a Solar Cycle: Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer

Aguilar M., Alpat B., Ambrosi G., Anderson H., Arruda L., Attig N., ...Daha Fazla

Physical Review Letters, cilt.134, sa.5, 2025 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)

Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
Cilt numarası: 134 Sayı: 5
Basım Tarihi: 2025
Doi Numarası: 10.1103/physrevlett.134.051001
Dergi Adı: Physical Review Letters
Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Academic Search Premier, Aerospace Database, Chemical Abstracts Core, Compendex, INSPEC, zbMATH, DIALNET, Nature Index
Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

We report the properties of precision time structures of cosmic nuclei He, Li, Be, B, C, N, and O fluxes over an 11-year solar cycle from May 2011 to November 2022 in the rigidity range from 1.92 to 60.3 GV. The nuclei fluxes show similar but not identical time variations with amplitudes decreasing with increasing rigidity. In particular, below 3.64 GV the Li, Be, and B fluxes, and below 2.15 GV the C, N, and O fluxes, are significantly less affected by solar modulation than the He flux. We observe that these differences in solar modulation are linearly correlated with the differences in the spectral indices of the cosmic nuclei fluxes. This shows, in a model-independent way, that solar modulation of galactic cosmic nuclei depends on their spectral shape. In addition, solar modulation differences due to nuclei velocity dependence on the mass-to-charge ratio (A/Z) are not observed.