Spinor boson droplets stabilized by spin fluctuations

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YOĞURT T. A., KELEŞ A., Oktel M. Ö.

Physical Review A, vol.105, no.4, 2022 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier identifier

  • Publication Type: Article / Article
  • Volume: 105 Issue: 4
  • Publication Date: 2022
  • Doi Number: 10.1103/physreva.105.043309
  • Journal Name: Physical Review A
  • Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Academic Search Premier, Aerospace Database, Chemical Abstracts Core, Compendex, INSPEC, zbMATH, DIALNET
  • Middle East Technical University Affiliated: Yes

Abstract

© 2022 American Physical Society.Self-trapped droplets stabilized by quantum fluctuations have been experimentally realized in dipolar gases and binary boson mixtures. In this paper, we propose spinor Bose gases as another candidate for droplet formation. For spin-1 gas, we find that spin fluctuations give a dilute but self-trapped state for two different order parameters where the mean-field picture predicts collapse. A polar droplet phase can be stabilized by spin fluctuations for both antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic spin-dependent coupling. An antiferromagnetic droplet phase can be stabilized similarly with a negative quadratic Zeeman shift. Furthermore, the beyond mean-field energy of the system depends on the quadratic Zeeman coupling, which provides a mechanism to tune the droplet formation and its density. We discuss the parameters necessary for the experimental realization of such spinor droplets.