Investigating Cost-Efficiency and Seismic Performance of Design Methods for Steel Special Frames


ESER H., HASANÇEBİ O., Gholizadeh S.

International Journal of Steel Structures, vol.26, no.3, pp.610-619, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)

  • Publication Type: Article / Article
  • Volume: 26 Issue: 3
  • Publication Date: 2026
  • Doi Number: 10.1007/s13296-026-01056-9
  • Journal Name: International Journal of Steel Structures
  • Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, ABI/INFORM, Compendex, INSPEC
  • Page Numbers: pp.610-619
  • Keywords: Cost-efficiency, Direct analysis method, Effective length method, Seismic performance assessment, Steel special frames, Structural optimization
  • Middle East Technical University Affiliated: Yes

Abstract

This study investigates and compares the relative cost-efficiency and seismic performance of two stability design approaches: the effective length method (ELM) and the direct analysis method (DM). Four steel special frames are first optimized for minimum weight under both design approaches using a recently developed design-driven optimization technique called capacity controlled search (CCS). The constraints governing each design, such as demand-to-capacity ratios and inter-story drift constraint ratios, are identified and presented. Subsequently, the seismic performance of the optimum designs is assessed by a nonlinear static procedure in compliance with ASCE/SEI 41-13. Finally, the results are compared to identify which stability design method leads to more economical and seismically resilient designs in general.