Research Information System
Presentation, pp.41, 2024
Even though humanity has celebrated technological advancement due to its boast in the various sectors of society, the degradation occurring in nature has been growing more severe. With the rise of the Industrial Revolution, people have utilized the natural environment for the sake of themselves by modifying it according to their needs. Despite the glorification of these fast-paced advancements in the past and present, there is now a high possibility that built environment might stand as one of the significant causes of exacerbating environmental degradation; however, being deeply intertwined with nature, it is also the first party to experience the detrimental effects. Thus, it is no longer possible for architecture to exist without addressing immediate concerns and reassessing its relationship with nature. As a reaction to these changes, the precedent endeavors in the 19th and 20th centuries proposed new solutions to put end the duality occurred in natural and built environment ranging from the Garden City movement, Le Corbusier‘s Radiant City, and Frank Lloyd Wright‘s Broadacres City. Unfortunately, these endeavors however well intentional placed nature on the peripherals of the city solely for its aesthetical value and utilized in an inspirational manner. To put it another way, they fell short of addressing the real issues and led to persistence of them to this day. Moving on the 21st century, the relationship with nature and built environment is a far complex phenomenon. In the current century, the effects of such transformations ushered by technology, industrialization and urbanization have become palpable in people's lives, affecting a wide range of areas, including economic, and sociological and cultural dimensions. However, similar to the shortcomings occurred in the past, the overreliance on the mechanization, technology, and mass production ultimately change the urban fabric by dismissing nature as a fundamental part of the built environment. The consequences of this situation reverberated in the works of different figure, as one of them, Aidan While and Mark Whitehead (2013) stated that the consequences of global warming exacerbated by the duality between natural and built environment include unpredictable weather, rising sea levels, and extreme temperatures, affecting not only metropolitan areas but also coastal cities and stretching toward other centers without feasible solutions in ―Cities, Urbanisation and Climate Change. Following these concerns ever since the birth of industrialization, this study will trace the radical ontological shifts that occurred in the nature-urban axis up until the 21st century. Then, the study will conduct an in-depth analysis of the 21st century, during which several attempts to redialogue nature and urban architecture within the cities yielded different approaches such as biophilia, bio-mimicry, and bio-design. As these concepts have altered and changed the current trends of architecture and urbanization against the backdrop of present challenges, this study will ultimately identify and determine the current conflicts and continuities in nature and the urban environment in the 21st century.