Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
The Biennial Meeting of Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD) , Maryland, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, 21 - 23 Mart 2019, ss.315
Institutionalization
is seen as a risk factor for intellectual, social, perceptual, physical and
emotional development (MacLean, 2003). Although the care quality of
institutions has an impact on child development, children’s innate
characteristics like temperament may influence the susceptibility of those
children to these conditions or contexts (Belsky, 1997; 2005; Ellis &
Boyce, 2011). Therefore, the first aim of the
current study was to compare the growth rate of gaze following and joint
attention developments between institutionally reared and biological-family reared
infants. The second aim of the study was to test the moderating role of
temperamental characteristics in the growth rates of gaze following and joint
attention across groups.
Children were
tested at three waves with four-month intervals. Data were collected from 75 infants
reared in institutions, 65 infants reared by their biological families. The age
of the infants ranged between 9 to 18 months (M= 12.24, SD=2.70) at wave one. In order to assess temperamental characteristics (perceptual
sensitivity, soothability, and falling reactivity/rate of recovery from
distress), caregivers completed Infants’
Behavior Questionnaire-standard form (IBQ: Gartstein & Rothbart, 2003) at
wave 1. Joint attention (Mundy,
Block, Delgado, Pomares, van Hecke, & Parlade, 2007) and gaze following (Theuring,
Gredebäck, & Hauf, 2007) of children were measured at three waves. Gaze following scored for “gaze direction” and
“proportional fixation of the target toy”. Joint attention was scored for initiating
joint attention (IJA) while the toy is active, initiating joint attention while
the toy is inactive, and responding joint attention (RJA).
Hierarchical
Linear Modeling (HLM) was performed and time was centered at around wave 1. Table
1 summarizes the HLM results of joint attention. Linearity is checked for the
data and IJA was found linear but RJA was found quadratic.
Time 1 results
for IJA-toy is active showed that biological family group was
marginally better at IJA compared to institutionalized children (p = .08). When the toy is inactive,
children having lower levels of soothability showed better IJA. A two-way
interaction between biological family group and frustration was found
significant (p = .002). Children with
low frustration who come from the biological group showed better performance at
IJA compared to children staying in institutions (t = 2.82, p = .01). Children
with high frustration did not show any difference at IJA across the two groups (t = -1.20, p = .23). Further, Time 1 results of RJA showed that older children
(p = .03) and children with high
perceptual sensitivity (p < .05)
showed high performance at RJA.
Linear
change of biological group*frustration was marginally significant in IJA-toy is
active over time (p < .10). Simple
slope analysis showed that (Sibley, 2008) children with low levels of
frustration and staying in institutions had a better growth rate in developing
IJA over time (see Figure 1).
Data analysis of gaze following task is in
progress will be presented.
|
Table
1. Fixed and Randon effects Estimates
of Predictors of Joint Attention |