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in: Quenchants and Quenching Technology, Vol 4F, ASM Handbook, Canale Lauralice C.F.,Luo Xinmin,Otero Rosa Simencio,Totten George E., Editor, ASM International, Ohio, pp.503-526, 2024
This article examines residual stresses in quenched and surface-hardened steels by focusing on its theoretical background, formation mechanisms of residual stress, effects of tempering and cryogenic cooling on residual stress, effects of residual stress on the service performance of components, and measurement, computation, and relaxation of residual stress.