Research Information System
IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking, vol.10, pp.681-696, 2025 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
Energy trading (ET) in vehicle-to-grid (V2G) networks enables plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) to share energy with smart grids. However, conventional energy trading relies on financial incentives, which may restrict optimal energy distribution, particularly during emergencies. To overcome this problem, we propose an IOTA-based energy bartering framework that allows direct energy exchange between electric vehicles (EVs) and smart grids without financial transactions. Our framework enables EVs and smart grids to determine their energy imports and exports in a decentralized manner, overcoming the scalability and cost challenges of traditional blockchain-based solutions. To optimize the negotiation process during energy bartering, we employ a Stackelberg game model. In this game-theoretic approach, EVs act as leaders, setting their energy offers, while smart grids respond by selecting optimal offers based on supply-demand conditions. This structured process enhances system efficiency, ensuring rational energy allocation while maintaining network resilience. Simulation results demonstrate that our framework improves energy bartering efficiency, reducing energy costs for EVs by up to 69.23% compared to traditional trading mechanisms. It also enhances network scalability and ensures privacy-preserving, financial-transaction-free energy exchange, making it a robust solution for next-generation V2G networks.