Particulate matter (PM10) in Istanbul: Origin, source areas and potential impact on surrounding regions

Kocak M., Theodosi C., Zarmpas P., Im U., Bougiatioti A., Yenigun O., ...Daha Fazla

ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT, cilt.45, sa.38, ss.6891-6900, 2011 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 45 Sayı: 38
  • Basım Tarihi: 2011
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.10.007
  • Dergi Adı: ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus
  • Sayfa Sayıları: ss.6891-6900
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: Istanbul, Source apportionment, Potential source contribution function, PM10, MAJOR PHOTOCHEMICAL POLLUTANTS, POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION, CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION, ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL, SOURCE APPORTIONMENT, DUST TRANSPORT, MINERAL DUST, EASTERN, FINE, PARTICLES
  • Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi Adresli: Hayır

Özet

Water-soluble ions (Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, C2O4-, Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+,Ca2+), water soluble organic carbon (WSOC), organic and elemental carbon (OC, EC) and trace metals (Al, Ca, Ti, V. Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) were measured in aerosol PM10 samples above the megacity of Istanbul between November 2007 and June 2009. Source apportionment analysis using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) indicates that approximately 80% of the PM10 is anthropogenic in origin (secondary, refuse incineration, fuel oil and solid fuel combustion and traffic). Crustal and sea salt account for 10.2 and 7.5% of the observed mass, respectively. In general, anthropogenic (except secondary) aerosol shows higher concentrations and contributions in winter. Mean concentration and contribution of crustal source is found to be more important during the transitional period due to mineral dust transport from North Africa. During the sampling period, 42 events exceeding the limit value of 50 mu g m(-3) are identified. A significant percentage (91%; n = 38) of these exceedances is attributed to anthropogenic sources. Potential Source Contribution Function analysis highlights that Istanbul is affected from distant sources from Balkans and Western Europe during winter and from Eastern Europe during summer. On the other hand, Istanbul sources influence western Black Sea and Eastern Europe during winter and Aegean and Levantine Sea during summer. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.